Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics

Upon reading the framework, it is evident that the major idea of teaching mathematics in California public schools revolves around the development of a balanced instructional program that not only provides students with an enabling environment to become proficient in basic computational and procedural skills, but also to continuously develop conceptual understanding of the mathematical concepts and become proficient in problem solving.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As indicated in the framework, teachers should aim to achieve a balance between these three concepts (proficiency in computational and procedural skills, attainment of conceptual understanding, and proficiency in solving new or perplexing problems) if they expect their students to be competitive in mathematics (California Department of Education, 2006). The concepts are in terrelated; hence teachers must strive to come up with methodologies and strategies to deliver them to mathematics students according to the standards of a particular grade level. As indicated in the framework, â€Å"when students apply basic computational and procedural skills and understandings to solve new or perplexing problems, their basic skills are strengthened, the challenging problems they encounter can become routine, and their conceptual understanding deepens† (California Department of Education, 2006 p.5). Consequently, it is suggested that the major idea of teaching mathematics to students in California public schools entails connecting their skills, conceptual understanding, and problem solving capability to develop a network of mutually reinforcing components in the curriculum that are intrinsically aligned with the standards depending on grade level. Examples of Teaching Strategies From the framework, it is clear that no single strategy of instruction is the b est or most appropriate in all contexts, and that teachers have a wide choice of instructional strategies including â€Å"direct instruction, investigation, classroom discussion and drill, small groups, individualized formats, and hands-on materials (California Department of Education, 2006 p.5). As one of the approaches to teaching, direct instruction is not only skills-oriented but the teaching practices it adopts are essentially teacher-directed.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In teaching algebra and functions to grade six students, for example, a teacher can use small-group, face-to-face instruction to demonstrate to students how to solve linear equations and develop algebraic reasoning at each step of the process by breaking down the instructions into small units, sequencing them deliberately, and teaching them in an explicit manner. Although teachers can use this st rategy to ensure that Grade six students are able to use their computational skills and conceptual understanding to solve problems in algebra through explicit, guided instructions, the strategy nevertheless limits student’s creativity and active exploration. The other teaching strategy is investigation, whereby teachers play an active role in guiding students to identify a topic of interest, explore the current knowledge on the topic, frame the topic into manageable questions, gather appropriate information, analyze and synthesis the information, take action on the findings, and reflect on the outcomes found. This strategy could be used to teach geometry to grade six students as it does not only facilitate an explicit understanding of geometric concepts, including raising students’ levels of geometric thinking, but also motivates students by presenting mathematical topics in an enjoyable and interesting manner that challenges their intellectual development. Reflection Overall, upon reflection, I have learnt that no single method of instruction is the best or most appropriate in all situations, it is important to balance the concepts of computational and procedural skills, conceptual understanding and problem solving capability when teaching mathematics, in mathematics instruction, new skills are developed almost exclusively on previously learned skills, methods of assessing students for mathematics comprehension should be context-specific. These learning outcomes can be implemented in real-life classroom situations by coming up with a well formulated framework that does not necessarily follow a linear order to ensure students benefit from the mathematics lessons taught in class, and also by proactively aligning instruction with assessment. Reference California Department of Education. (2009). Mathematics framework for California public schools: Kindergarten through grade twelve. Retrieved from https://www.cde.ca.gov/Advertising We will wri te a custom critical writing sample on Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This critical writing on Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics was written and submitted by user Teagan Cantrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

One party political systems essays

One party political systems essays Political scientists often describe Mexico as a one-party authoritarian state. Power is centralized in the hands of a virtually omnipotent president, who is always the candidate of the dominant or ruling party, which in Mexico is the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional, or PRI). Singapore is a one-party state that declares that it is democratic although when analyzed by political scientists is considered socialist. These parties have many similarities and many differences and this paper will undertake the task of comparing and contrasting the one-party system in both Singapore and Mexico. The controlling political party in Mexico is the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), and it had been the governing political party since 1929. The PRI is divided up into three sectors: labor, agrarian, and popular. This party claims to be the true heir of Mexicos revolutionary tradition, and has worked extremely hard to keep an appearance as a left-wing party. Although the PRI certainly has right-wing and left-wing factions. Until very recently for many Mexicans the PRI, the state, and the government were basically the same thing. From 1929 up until 1988 the candidates of the PRI had won in all presidential, state, and Senate elections, and practically all the representative elections for federal and local congress, including municipalities. Military chieftains and regional bosses who survived the Mexican revolution started the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI); they created the National Revolutionary Party to put an end to two decades of violence and turmoil. Si nce then the PRI and its partisan predecessors have never acknowledged the loss of a presidential election and always controlled both houses of Congress. The machinery of politics at the presidents service, the ruling party and the government officials charged with managing political affairs, often governed effectively, but ...

Must-Know Tennis Terms in French

Must-Know Tennis Terms in French Whether you love playing tennis or watching the major international tournaments, you need to know tennis terminology  to fully appreciate the games. Why in French? Well, if youre witnessing the prestigious French Open,  created in 1891 and now  held annually  over late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, you wont miss a play or aside if you understand the players and commentators. Or maybe you want to read tennis analysis in a major French publication. If you know the lingo, you win again. The French Open and the Grand Slam Where does the French Open fit into the scheme of major international tournaments? Most importantly, its the  second major  tennis tournament comprising the global Grand Chelem (Grand Slam)  each year; the other three, in chronological order, are the  Australian Open, the  U.S. Open,  and  Wimbledon.  The  Grand Slam  tournaments, called  majors, are the worlds four most important tennis  events, each held over two grueling weeks and each offering the most prize money, attention, ranking points, and more. Tennis Singles Stars As of 2017, the winningest mens Grand Slam player of all time is Roger Federer of Switzerland who has won 19 majors: the Australian Open five times, the French Open once, Wimbledon eight times, and the US Open five times. Spains Rafael Nadal comes in second with 15 title wins, and American Pete Sampras is third with 14. Australian Margaret Court, now in her 70s, still holds the distinction of the most majors singles titles with 24: 11 wins at Australian Opens, five at the French Open, three at Wimbledon, and five at the US Open. American Serena Williams follows at 23. Steffi  Graf  of Germany  won 22 Grand Slam singles titles, and  in 1988, this phenomenal player  became the first and only tennis player (male or female) to achieve the  Golden Slam  by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year. She is also the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam event at least four times. With records like this, its easy to see why tennis can be an exciting sport for both players and spectators. To understand the action, here, for your edification and enjoyment, are the top tennis terms in the French language. The World of Tennis, in French le tennis   tennis(le tournoi de) Roland-Garros, les Internationaux de France   French Open(le tournoi de tennis de) Wimbledon   Wimbledonun Grand Chelem a  Grand Slamsimple messieurs   mens singlessimple dames   womens singlesdouble messieurs   mens doublesdouble dames   womens doubles The People of Tennis   un arbitre a  refereeune invitation a  wild cardun joueur de tennis a  tennis playerun juge de ligne a  line judgele serveur the  serverle ramasseur de balles the  Ã‚  ball boyla tà ªte de sà ©rie the  seed, seeded playerla tà ªte de sà ©rie numà ©ro un the  top seed, number one seedla tà ªte de sà ©rie numà ©ro deux the  number two seed Tennis Courts and Equipment la balle de tennis the  tennis ballle carrà © de service the  service boxle choix de cà ´tà ©s the  choice of sidesle choix de service  Ã‚  the choice of servicele couloir  Ã‚  the alley, the tramlinesle court the  courtun court de terre battue a  clay courtun court en dur   a hard courtun court en gazon a  grass courtle filet the  netla ligne de fond the  baselinela ligne de service the  service linela raquette the tennis racket Tennis Serves and Shots un ace an  aceun amorti a  drop shotla balle de service a  service ballun coup a  strokele coup droit the  forehandla deuxià ¨me balle the  second serveune double faute a  double faultun effet a  spinune faute a  fault, error, outun let a  letle lift a  topspinun lob a  lobun revers a  backhandun revers deux mains a  two-handed backhandle service the  serve,  serviceun  slice a  sliceun smash a  smashune volà ©e a  volley Tennis Scoring rien, zà ©ro   lovequinze   fifteentrente   thirtyquarante   fortyA / quinze A   all / fifteen allpartout / quinze partout   all / fifteen allà ©galità ©   deuceavantage service   ad-in, advantage inavantage dehors   ad-out, advantage outla balle de break   break pointla balle de jeu   game pointla balle de match   match pointla balle de set   set pointune dà ©cision   callle jeu   gameun jeu dà ©cisif   tie-breakerjeu, set, match   game, set, matchle match the  matchout   outle set, la manche   setsur la ligne   on the line The Action donner de leffet ( une balle)   to put spin (on a ball)à ªtre au service   to have the service, to be servingfrapper   to hitjouer   to playprendre le service de quelquun   to break someones serveservir   to servetenir le score   to keep the score

How leadership communication differs from conventional management Essay

How leadership communication differs from conventional management communication - Essay Example Many leaders believe that they have communicated once they say something; if the person being directed to do something does not do it unintentionally, it means there was no communication because the receiver did not get the message. Communication is complete only if the receiver understood the message (Daft and Lane 261). In communication, what you hear is equally important to what you say, so communication is a two-way process. A leader is somebody who guides, directs, and motivates people. Leaders should have powers to motivate employees is an organization or people in a community to work together to achieve desired goals. Leadership and management are similar, and they differ in some ways: they both involve working with people, concern about effective management, and other related characteristics. In leadership communication, a leader must communicate effectively. Leaders spend most of their time communicating with the employees; it has been found that communication takes over 70 percent of leaders’ time per day (Daft and Lane 261). Leadership communication to employees or people he/she is in charge of is always transparent, trustful, and open while conventional management communication is normally a directive to the subjects about what needs to be done. This is because leaders are innovators, and they always want to further their innovation while managers are employed to administer the directives that will see the organization grow. A leader should do things he/she believes will help the organization progress. Leaders focus on employees while managers focus on both the customers and employees. Management communication is more consistent than leadership communication. This is because the management in an organization is always in touch with employees since they are in charge of running day-to-day functions and ensuring that the staff performs to the required limit; hence, they are giving directions all the time, unlike leadership, which is not always in touch with employees: they always offer policy decision and they are responsible for overall performance of the organization and its future (Daft and Lane 261). Conventional management communication is informative while leadership communication is not informative. Informative communication only informs the subject of what needs to be done while non-informative communication influences the thoughts, feelings, and actions of the subject, which is what is required from a leader. Leadership communication should be spelled out courageously; if communication is open and honest, it might contain some mistakes, but the mistakes will be better than uninspiring communications. If as a leader you do not have an answer to a question or a problem, admit that you cannot respond, and the employees will respect you believing that you are honest. Management communication should be specific while leadership communication can be changed. Specific communication is simple and concise and not confusin g. Managers should always be at the point and should avoid going around. With brevity and clarity, it will make employees obey time and become disciplined. In leadership communication, the message can be changed; this strategy will prevent the message from going bad. Since leadership is meant to spearhead the organization into the future, the leader’s message should be acceptable to everybody in order to push the

A city (ISTANBUL) that has been continuously inhabited for hundreds of Essay

A city (ISTANBUL) that has been continuously inhabited for hundreds of years - Essay Example The city covers more than five thousand three hundred square kilometres and is coterminous with the Istanbul province whose administrative capital is the city itself neighbouring Bosporus strait in the northwest. The establishment of Istanbul occurred as a Greek colony known as Byzantium in the seventh century BC then in AD 196, it fell to the Roman Republic up to 330 when it became the capital of the Roman Empire and renamed Constantinople (Spielvogel, 2012). In the later antiquity, Constantinople grew to become the biggest in the western hemisphere with almost half a million inhabitants and was the headquarters of the Eastern Roman Empire referred to as Byzantine Empire which came to an end with the Muslim conquest after which it became Ottoman Empire’s capital. There has been a decline in population in the medieval era, but as the Ottoman Empire was approaching its peak, the population of the city rose to about seven hundred thousand inhabitants in the sixteenth century which was second only to Beijing and surpassed only by London later in the eighteenth century (Lafferty, 2009). With the founding of the republic of Turkey in 1923, the headquarters were moved to Ankara from Constantinople and from the thirties, the native title Istanbul has been the only official name of the city and has replaced Constantinople. Istanbul’s public transport can be traced back to mid-1869 when a contract was signed to construct a tram in Ottoman Empire’s capital and by the 1950s, the tram lines were almost one hundred and thirty kilometres long. The trams remained serviceable on the European side up to 1961 and on the Asian section up to 1966. O the other hand, the ferry can be considered as the oldest transportation means in Istanbul, which has to parts split by the Bosporus strait and encircled by the sea. In 1837, boats that belonged to Britain and Russia began transport in the Bosporus with the Istanbul maritime company being started in 1851 through a decree of

Explaining the role of effective communication Essay Example for Free

Explaining the role of effective communication Essay There are wide ranges of ways that communication can take place for example one to one conversations, group conversations. This can either be informal or formal depending on the individual’s outcome. An example of effective communication that can take place in a health and social care setting is a hospital, for example a nurse and her colleague are talking about how much they enjoy their jobs, and this is a form of effective communication. One- To –One communication – A one to one happens when a person speaks to a individual, or writes to the individual to form effective communication. In a one to one communication, it is always effective as both of the people in the one to one work together effectively and interacts well, as both individuals are relaxed and are listening to each other, in a result the communication works effectively and both parties leave with a resolved matter and everything is positive. One to one communication can be formal or informal. An formal one to one communication can take place in a GP, where the patient is discussing their personal problem with the Doctor and the doctor is helping the individual out with their problem, this is part of effective communication as the one to one interacting is working effectively. An informal one to one communication, can take place in a health and social care setting, where two colleagues are on their lunch break and are discussing about how their day has gone so far and etc. , this is a part of effective communication as both parties are interacting effectively. Group communication In a group communication, there is often more going on as it is a wide range of people within the group. During the group communication, each individual will try and get their points and ideas across to the people within the group and the rest will listen and be considerate towards the person speaking. That is a way of effective group communication, as the interacting between the group is working well and effectively. A group communication can be a great benefit, as it’s easier to make decisions and problem solving a ituation as you have various people giving different views and feedback to a matter, and that’s a great way of effective communication. A group communication can include multi- professional working, multi-agency, which happens with professionals and people using services. A multi-professional working involves numerous professionals working together in order to meet the needs of an individual. This will include doctor, police, and social worker to meet the needs of a young adult in a bad situation. Multi-agency is when different organisations work together effectively to the best possible service to families, children and young people. Formal communication Formal communication is a form of communication used by professional to communicate with clients and individuals. This form of communication is important because it shows the professional is showing professionalism within the work their doing to deliver the best possible care for the individual as well as the communication working effectively. An example of formal communication can be, ‘ good morning Sir/Mrs, this shows respect towards the individual. It is important not to use jargon or slang whilst communication formally, because you will come across as you’re not serious about your work, and also the client my not be pleased, also jargon can be a barrier because it can affect the communication between the client and professional due to not understand the technical words. Informal communication Informal communication is a casual exchange or letter that doesnt follow to all of the rules of formal communication. Its like saying hey instead of hello and also writing to your friend and talking about personal things. These are things youd never do in a business environment because it can be considered as formal communication. Informal communication is good way of communication as it can make a individual more relaxed and effective as it’s more easier and complex for the person to interact, as they don’t have to worry about being proper and correct. Interpersonal interaction Interpersonal interaction is how people relate towards each other in a verbal nteraction or non-verbal interaction. Verbal interactions include speech, tone of somebody’s voice, listening and language. Non-verbal interactions include a person’s body language and the way they express it for example their posture, facial expression and their proximity. Interpersonal communication can take place in a health and social care setting, for example: at a care home, there is a new career and she does not s peak English properly, so therefore it is hard for her to interact with the residents, which makes this is a language barrier. P2 – Argyle’s Theory of the Communication Cycle Michael Argyle is a social psychologist who developed theories about interpersonal interaction and human communication. He carried out experimental theories of non-verbal and verbal communication to develop and test he’s theoretical ideas. He has a communication cycle which explains and predicts how communication can occur in a one to one situation. 1. An idea occurs. A resident wants to go to the library and is trying to convince her carer. 2. Message coded. She talks to her carer about the books she used to read and how much she misses reading them. 3. Message sent. The carer says to the resident, ‘what was your favourite book’ this shows the message is sent and the carer understands what the resident is talking about. 4. Message received. Now the carer know what the resident’s favourite book is the resident is happy and is smiling. 5. Message decoded. Then the carer says to her resident would you like me to take you to the library so we can have a look if they have your favourite book and other books your interested in? 6. Message understood. Here the resident is happy and so is the carer because now they both understand each and the communication between the two has worked effectively. Bruce Tuckman defined a model of group development based around numerous stages, sequences or group activity. Tuckman suggested that these stages should happen in order for effective communication to occur in the groups interaction as well as the four stages being completely different. Forming – it is the start of the year and new infants have started the nursery, they tend to be shy and well reserved as they are not used to each other. Storming – as they start to settle in for about a month, they because more comfortable and relaxed with each other, in some cases this might not happen, someone would want to be dominant out of the bunch and this may cause conflict between the infants. Norming – in this stage everyone had built a strong bond between each other, and is working together well. Performing – in this final result the infants become mature and tend to realise that working together effectively can be a positive thing. M1 – Assess the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care with reference to theories of communication. The roles of effective communication in a health and social care setting, is to ensure that if communication with a resident, you must make sure to talk clearly and slowly, face to face make sure the person understands you and you’ve got your message across in the right way, in order for the communication to work effectively. The types of reference to communication are sign language, makaton and braille. These are part of effective communication as they are used by people with a hearing or blind impairment and leaning difficulties in order for them to communicate with others around them. Effective communication is a two-way process in which a person tries to understand the viewpoint of the other person. Communication is a cycle because when two people communicate they will need to make sure that they got their ideas across towards each other and they are understood. There are also barriers that can occur in a communication due the individual’s circumstance, for example: a person using slang, jargon o complex technical terminology can be heard, but their message may not be understood. Scenario I’m going to give a scenario between doctor and a patient, showing communication working effectively. Nurse : did you rest well last night Mrs Jones? Patient: yes I did nurse, I’m feeling slight better. Nurse: that’s a great improvement then, I’m glad you are. Patient: thank you very much nurse. Nurse: I am always here to help my dear. This is a very good way of effective communication, as the nurse and patient are interacting well and both parties are happy as they have understood each other. References (http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/informal-communication. html) (http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_formal_communication_in_business_organization)

The Island of Jamaica Essay -- Jamaica Countries Geography

The Island of Jamaica The island of Jamaica is the third largest Caribbean island. It is in a group of islands called the greater antilles. It has an area of 10 991 km squared or 4 244 sq. miles. Jamaica spans 230 km east to west and from 80-36 from north to south. It is third only to Cuba, which is the largest, and Hispaniola which is the second largest island. Jamaica lies in the Caribbean sea which is a part of the much larger Atlantic ocean. The island is 960 km south of Florida, 160 km southwest of Haiti, and 140 km south of Cuba. Jamaica is mainly a mountainous island but there are 320 km of fine sandy beaches, swamps, moist fern- forests, sprawling open plains, plateaus, rushing rivers, and magnificent waterfalls. The Blue Mountains are the highest mountains in Jamaica and Blue Mountain Peak which is the highest peak in Jamaica rises to 2256 m or 7 402 feet. They are made up primarily of limestone. Farther to the west in the cockpit country the limestone has eroded over many years to form large depressions, narrow valleys, underground caverns and rivers. Most of the surface rivers are short, swift flowing and descend quickly to the coast and consist of a series of rapids and waterfalls. The island is ringed by plains separated by mountain and sea. The country is divided into three counties. They are Cornwall to the west, Middlesex is central, and Surrey is to the east. Middlesex is the largest county. Jamaica is also divided into 14 parishes which are basically like provinces or states. The parishes are Kingston, St. Andrew, St. Thomas, Portland, St. Mary, St. Ann, Trelawny, St. James, Hanover, Westmoreland, St. Elizabeth, Manchester, Clarendon, and St. Catherine. .. ... Kingston, Jamaica: Kingston Publishers, 1976 Macpherson, John. Carribean Lands. Spain: Longman Group Ltd, 1974 Sherlock, Philip. The Land and People of the West Indies. U.S.A: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1967 Wilkins, Francis. Jamaica. Hong Kong: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987 Zach, Paul., and Hoefer, Hans Insight Guides: Jamaica. Singapore: APA Productions, 1987 Jamaica Information Service. Jamaica: An Overview. Kingston: Jamaica Information Service, 1990 Potter, Mitch. "New Album Kicks off Marley Blitz." The Toronto Star. 6 February, 1991, Sec. E, p. 4 "Jamaica." Merit Students Encyclopedia. 16th ed., 1980 "Jamaica." The World Book Encyclopedia 14th ed., 1989